Legislative Requirements of Teaching in Your Specialist Area Essay

Working as a Financial Capability tutor my personal and work values are led by the ethos for Citizens Advice Bureau, my employer; here we value diversity, promote equality and challenge discrimination; our aims and principles set out to both provide the advice people need for the problems they face and improve the policies and practices that affect people’s lives. There are many legislative requirements (laws), and codes of practice (directives and professional ethics) that need to be considered in a learning environment. My organisation has its own policies and proceedures that are applicable to the particular environment; these underpin the legislation to act according to the law as defined in an Act of Parliament and usually enforceable through the courts. My interpretation of ones that will effect me as a teacher are given here. The Health and Safely at Work Act (1974) Everyone has a responsibility for their own safety at work and also a duty to protect the safety and welfare of others, this effects every single organisation. Even if the learners are adults there are still rules and regulations that must be adhered to; As a teacher I need to be fully aware of these rules and ensure that any learners I teach are too. I should always make the class aware of the nearest fire exists and advise of who the fist-aiders are within the building. I must always follow best practise and to lead by example. Risk Assessments are also the responsibility of the teacher in order to establish practices that minimise risk and record any high risk activities. I need to analyse any potential risks when instructing activities within the class. It is my responsibility to assess any risk levels prior to commencement of any tasks in order to minimise the risks. If there are any accidents or incidents, I must also keep a record of these. There are then the legislations that are drawn from the Human Rights Act 2000. Disability Discrimination Act (1995 and 2005) Equality Act 2010 Teachers must respect these laws have been passed to ensure that no one is discriminated against irrespective of any disability (physical or mental) they may have or their gender, age, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation or marital status/domestic circumstances. For the teacher this means ensuring language, handouts and other learning materials are free from bias; and that inappropriate comments are challenged within the classroom. The environment and all support structures should enable access and include facilities to meet all learners’ needs. . I must ensure that any activities I set are suitable for all learners to participate and must not make any learner feel excluded by their disability. Also when advertising courses and delivering learning, a teacher should not stereotype or in any way disadvantage a group of learners. I would also be using Safeguarding of Vulnerable Adults training when working with my students. Data Protection Act 1998 The DPA requires any organisation that holds sensitive data on anyone for over two months to register as data users. As a teacher, I need to be cautious of how I store my learners personal or sensitive information. I should never share someone’s personal or sensitive information with any other person. Freedom of information act 2000 As an amendment to the Data Protection act the freedom of information act makes provision for the disclosure of information held by public authorities or by persons providing services for them. I should be aware of what my students can request to see when I hold information on them. There are also three other pieces that I would consider in my role The Further Education and Training act 2007, for its requirements on the LSC and on further education institutions to have regard to guidance in relation to consultation with learners, potential learners and employers. And the codes of practice issued by; NIACE regarding Safer Practice and Safer Learning; these help the student to focus on their rights and responsibilities when participating in the lifelong learning sector. They address issues such as harm, abuse and personal safety when taking part in any kind of learning, outlining things that could be wrong, and giving students contact details if they feel that they need to report any wrong doing, without needing access to the teacher. Also the Institute for Learning Code of Practice for Teachers 2008 Code of Professional Practice, which seeks to protect learners and the public interest and will apply to all members of the Institute for Learning . The codes purpose is to promote, value and develop the professionalism of all learning and skills practitioners. The Code outlines the behaviours expected of members – for the benefit of learners, employers, the profession and the wider community. The code lists seven behaviours for members to uphold; Professional Integrity, Respect, Reasonable Care, Professional Practice, Criminal Offence Disclosure, Responsibility during Institute Investigations, Responsibility to the Institute. These will all have an affect on what happens both in and out of my classroom and must be at the forefront of every lesson and lesson plan for a teacher. They will be used in tutor/student contracting and in appeals and complaints policies, and so it is important that I keep up to date with these legislations and codes of practice and part of my responsibility is to make sure that they are being adhered to and that I know what procedure to follow if this is not the case.

Employer †Employee Relationship Essay

Little Lamb Company needs an additional programmer for a special project. The company enters into a contract with Mary to complete this project. Just as the project is nearing completion, initially an independent contractor as she had a high degree of control over how the work is accomplished, and enters into a contract with the company a new need arises for her services. She is asked to continue with the company to complete the new project. While completing the new project, the supervisor begins working more closely with Mary and requires her to use company materials and equipment while adhering to company work schedules. Mary seems to be moving toward an â€Å"at-will† employee position, because she appears to have less control over how the work is accomplished as she will probably have to answer to the supervisor, and using the companies materials and equipment and adhering to the company work schedules. After two years suggests â€Å"at-will† employee because of the length of time being 2 years, economic conditions force the company to make budget cuts. Mary is asked to leave as an employee, as she is obviously no longer working as an independent contractor, when asked to leave the company. Thirty days later, a major contract is acquired by the company, which reinstates the need for Mary’s services as a programmer. However, the supervisor chooses to hire his equally-qualified cousin and not offer Mary the opportunity to return. The use of word â€Å"hire† implied that Mary had been an employee and not an independent contractor. Is Mary an independent contractor or an employee? Describe the factors that led to your determination. There are several criteria to determine if Mary is a contractor or an employee. For example, one critical aspect to distinguish an independent contractor from an employee is the degree of control over how the work is accomplished. Initially Mary seemed to have more control than she did at the end, so it seems that she moved from being a independent contractor at the beginning to an employee over time. However, there are many factors to consider in making a determination as to whether a worker is an independent contractor or an employee. Some of these criteria include:†¢Whether a distinct occupation or business is  being performed; e.g. programmer, so initially Mary was contracted as an independent contractor for a specific project. †¢The amount of supervision over the means by which the work is performed; e.g. â€Å"the supervisor begins working more closely with Mary and requires her to use company materials and equipment while adhering to company work schedules† implies a move away from independent contractor towards an â€Å"at will† employee. †¢The degree of skill required to perform the work; e.g., â€Å"programmer† â€Å"equally-qualified cousin†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Who provides the tools used to perform the work, and, e.g., â€Å"requires her to use company materials and equipment while adhering to company work schedules† and therefore moving towards being an â€Å"at-will† employee†¢The place where the work is done; e.g. Mary is working in the office, â€Å"the supervisor begins working more closely with Mary and requires her to use company materials and equipment while adhering to company work schedules† suggesting an â€Å"at-will† employee position. Has the employer/employee relationship changed over the course of time? If so, how?As mentioned above, it did seem to change over time. It seems that initially, Mary could be considered an independent contractor because â€Å"Little Lamb Company needs an additional programmer for a special project† and Mary entered into a contract with the company. However, Mary was later asked to stay on and began working close to the supervisor, who expected Mary to used the company materials and equipment, to follow the company work schedule, and was terminated at will when economic conditions demanded. Thus, Mary seemed to move from an independent contractor to an â€Å"at-will† employee. 3) Was Mary’s release legal under the doctrine of employment-at-will? Why or why not?This is murky water and it depends. If Mary had moved into an â€Å"at will† employee, then the doctrine of employment-at-will allows her employee to let her go without reason (however, they initially had a contract, which we look at in the next part of this question below). In the scenario, it says Mary enters into a contract for the first project, however, makes no  mention of a contract when she is asked to stay on (however, sometimes contracts are implied). For example, in most states of the United States all employees are considered â€Å"at will† employees. That means that the employer can terminate or change the employment relationship â€Å"at will†, unless there is a contract with the employer. In general, an employer can fire an â€Å"at will† employee, or change the employee’s position or compensation with no notice and no reason. Likewise, the employee can terminate his employment â€Å"at will† without notice or reason. However, there are three possible legitimated reasons employee can challenge a wrongful termination:If not, which of the following exceptions to employment-at-will have been violated? Why?a) Breach of public policy (Perhaps) Values, principles and basic rules that the courts and legislatures consider to be in the best interest of individuals and the general public. Employer violations of specific labor and employment laws might be called violations of public policy, instead of or in addition to violations of the specific laws. That is because it is in the best interest of all workers that all employers obey such laws. Public policy may be written or implied, and varies among states and municipalities. Consequently, whether or not an employer has violated public policy is often a matter of interpretation by a court or arbitrator (i.e., hired cousin instead of having Mary return). b) Breach of implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. Probably not, because it is dealing with contracts and the question is dealing with â€Å"at-will† exceptions. c) Breach of implied contract (this is a possibility). Why? For example, in a â€Å"contract† between the employer and the employee, even in the absence of a formal written employment agreement. For example, language in an employee handbook may promise â€Å"all layoffs are based on seniority† or â€Å"we give employees at least 2 weeks notice of all layoffs†. Therefore, if Mary thins she is wrongfully terminated, as an employee; she can challenge a wrongful termination for these legitimate reasons

A Closer Look at Watchmen’s Dr Manhattan Essay

Neil Armstrong, Clark Kent, John F. Kennedy, Professor Charles Xavier, Gandhi, Chuck Norris, Master Yoda. The men mentioned above are fictional or real characters with quite a few things in common. They are all heroes in their respective universes, they fight for what is good, and they are all experts in their fields of profession. In fact, they are the supposed best or the most renowned at what they do. Neil Armstrong has to be the most famous Astronaut of all time while Clark Kent’s alter ego, Superman is arguably the greatest superhero there is and if not, he is definitely the most famous. Chuck Norris is the best ass-kicker in the world while Professor X is the greatest telepath in the Marvel Universe. JFK was a great president, Gandhi changed revolution, and Master Yoda taught nine hundred years’ worth of Jedi Knights. Yes, these men are all very talented and very powerful. However, these outstanding heroes have one more thing in Common: they all fall nothing short of insignificant to the power, intelligence, and capabilities of Dr. Manhattan. Dr Manhattan’s powers and abilities include immortality, shapeshifting to any form he chooses, seeing the future, reading minds, teleportation, and bending matter to his will. He practically has no physical weaknesses. Superman and Yoda could possibly put up a fight but that’s another story. In the world of Watchmen, Dr. Manhattan made human life appear insignificant. Yes, insignificant. Can you imagine? The supposed dominant species in the world could have been a clump of dirt on Dr. Manhattan’s shoe compared to his Godlike persona. This became the aggravating external conflict Dr. Manhattan had with humans. In fact, Dr. Manhattan ended up believing that Humans had become irrelevant and mattered little to him, thus, resulted in him eventually leaving Earth and living on Mars. This caused momentous discomfort and major uproar in Earth, namely, The United States. Dr. Manhattan may have lost his purpose of necessity for human beings but The United States needed him as if their lives depended on it. In fact, The United States practically worshipped him as a God. In the Watchmen storyline, The Cold War between the Russians and the Americans was at the brink of becoming nuclear warfare and either side was very close to opening fire and sending all their nuclear warheads at each other. If both sides fired every missile they had, they would destroy all human life on Earth. Dr. Manhattan, being America’s greatest weapon and greatest defence, was expected to use his power and eliminate every Russian warhead that he could and give the United States a chance to fire back at Russia and ultimately win the Cold War. What the Americans hadn’t counted on was Dr. Manhattan leaving Earth after losing his temper during a live-on-television interview. The Russians took this once in a lifetime opportunity of an AWOL Dr. Manhattan to ready their missiles to fire at the United States. Of course, that is not what happened. But we will get back to that later. You may be wondering, â€Å"Okay what’s your point? Why are you mentioning all of Dr. Manhattan’s capabilities and how he serves the United Sates? † Well to answer your question, let me restate what I pointed out earlier: In the world of watchmen, Dr. Manhattan makes human achievements and ultimately being human, almost completely irrelevant. Imagine, the nuclear warhead is possibly the most powerful weapon humankind has to offer and Dr. Manhattan can make them disappear with a wink of an eye. Man’s mission to the moon took billions of dollars, a rocket ship, and years of planning and preparation for this life-changing project to become a reality. However, as seen in the opening credits of the film version, Neil Armstrong was not the first person to arrive on the moon. When Armstrong first set foot onto the moon’s surface, what does he find? He finds nothing other than Dr. Manhattan in his, blue, naked form with no spacesuit, no spacecraft, and no artificial aid whatsoever. What does this tell us? Whatever humans can do, Dr.  Manhattan can do it much better. And if humans are ever to make a new life-changing discovery, Dr. Manhattan has already discovered it. However, Dr. Manhattan does have some personal, noteworthy, and very human limitations. In his eyes, he would even call them â€Å"Flaws†. Let’s take a closer look at some of these flaws. For one thing, Dr. Manhattan may be all-powerful and superior to humans but he still experiences human emotions. Namely, love. To expound on the significance of Dr. Manhattan’s ability to love, let me first talk about another flaw of his. Dr. Manhattan is the most powerful being in the Watchmen Universe and he knows it. Soon, his Godlike power eventually causes him to lose all respect for humanity and he begins to question their significance in his life. Getting drunk with power and losing respect for anyone under your power is indeed a very human imperfection. Now, going back to his ability to love, the only reason Dr. Manhattan has not given up on humans and abandon Earth completely was because of one person, Laurie, better known as The Silk Spectre. Dr. Manhattan was in love with her. He even tells her that she had become his only link to humans and without her, he would have no longer cared and simply let the United States and Russia destroy each other. It can even be inferred that if it wasn’t for Dr. Manhattan’s ability to love, Veidt would not have gotten his way and the Russians and Americans would have still caused nuclear war. In the Watchmen storyline, Adrian Veidt, also known as Ozymandias, was meant to appear as the villain. Readers and the audience would be quick to assume that since he was not on the side of Dr.  Manhattan, NiteOwl, Rorschach, and Silk Spectre, and the fact that he killed The Comedian, he was automatically the villain. However, in the end, and to everyone’s surprise, Ozymandias ironically turned out to be the unconventional hero. Veidt’s subtitle of â€Å"World’s Smartest Man† suited him because he knew that the solution to preventing the nuclear war was to direct both superpowers against a common enemy. And that enemy had to be none other than Dr. Manhattan. Somehow, Veidt just knew that the only way to prevent global destruction via nuclear war was to make the United States fear Dr.  Manhattan just as much as The Soviets feared him. Veidt tricked Dr. Manhattan into helping him make generators that could replicate the energy that gave Dr. Manhattan his power. When Dr. Manhattan left the planet and exiled on Mars, Veidt seized the opportunity to attack a number of major cities in the world using energy from the generators he and Dr. Manhattan made. Because of these attacks, thousands of people were killed and the areas affected by the blasts endured colossal damage. Yes, Veidt had killed thousands of people but he believed that sacrifices had to be made if we truly wanted to save the world. After the attacks from Ozymandias, scientists examined the affected areas and the energy readings led the humans to conclude that Dr. Manhattan himself had caused these global crimes. Thus, causing the Americans and Soviets to turn their weapons away from each other and point them towards an even greater threat: Dr. Manhattan. Dr. Manhattan knew that Veidt was right and he also knew that if he stayed on Earth, it would cause even more destruction and more unnecessary deaths. Without hesitation, he left the planet once again.

Chinese Architecture The Forbidden City and Spatial Hierarchies Essay

Chinese Architecture The Forbidden City and Spatial Hierarchies - Essay Example x† was put up with enormous spacing with various sections as described by the purpose for which it was supposed to serve (Ching, Jarzombek, and Prakash 17). MacFarquhar explains that the city took up to fifteen years to construct (33). It is made of 800 buildings with 9000 rooms, which serve various purposes. Generally it is known to be the world’s largest palace with fine architectural knowledge applied. The Qing and Ming dynasties did exist along with the Chinese civilization as evident in the palace. Urban planning in the Chinese construction is highly evident by the manner in which the buildings are spatially distributed. Various ethnic cultures were represented inside the palace, including the religions that existed in China. Hence, it was entirely an integration of diversities in building techniques and designs. The commencement of the construction followed an order from the Ming dynasty. There are 114 buildings in the palace of the Qing Dynasty which is a typical indicator of the last ruling dynasty in China just prior to the expansion of power to the middle of China. The middle axis architectural design was made so as to support the emperor’s political issues (Knapp 44). The architectural techniques used in the Forbidden City gives a reflection of the global view of the Chinese architects. This is made clear by the manner in which the buildings are arranged and carried to other parts of China and beyond. Knapp explores the composition of the city including the southern inner city and the outer city situated in the south (23). There are gates which usher in the next step of progression as one gets into the city. There is a central axis and a symmetrical design having the inner court at the rear while the outer court in the front. There is an additional landscape courtyard that originates from the layout of Yuan He City. This is purely a distinctly classified construction technique that dictated the manner of constructing of the subsequent

Death Penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 5

Death Penalty - Essay Example In the past the methods of execution were aimed at causing the maximum suffering to the condemned person. This has been replaced by the functional methods adopted by most of the modern governments. The new approach emphasises the killing of the convicted person and not upon the suffering that results from the punishment(Bannister, 2008, p. 167). This indicates a more humane approach to the killing of convicted persons. However, killing a convict is fundamentally wrong. Punishments serve the important function of averting the dissolution that is noticed in the moral and physical worlds. These punishments come to the notice of the public and remain fixed in their mind. Moral speeches, great truths, moving speeches and strong words cannot achieve what punishment does. In order to prevent violation of the law in the long term, it is essential to have a system of strong punishments(Beccaria, 2011, p. 9). However, the death penalty fails to achieve these objectives. The deterrent effect of such punishment is no longer accepted in the world. When people have to live independently and in isolation, they are placed in a continuous state of war. The freedom enjoyed by such people is always in danger of being destroyed by others. This forces people to form societies that are governed by laws. These laws ensure that the rights of the people are not harmed. In order to live in a society that is subject to the rule of law, people have to forego a portion of their liberty. It is this sacrifice that provides people with a safe and peaceful life(Beccaria, 2011, p. 9). In this manner, a depository of surrendered sacrifices is created. The total of the individual liberties constitutes the sovereignty of a country. Something more is required; namely, a defence of individual liberties against the attempts of others to take undue advantage. As such, people tend to retrieve their surrendered liberties. At the same time, individuals attempt to appropriate what belongs to

Tourism and Indigenous Peoples Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tourism and Indigenous Peoples - Case Study Example The significance and contribution of indigenous communities, thus indicates the value of indigenous culture in promoting the distinct and exotic cultural features which in turn may lead to the revival of the local culture (Ryan and Aicken, 2005 in Page, Connell, 2006). Indigenous tourism affords the indigenous communities to participate and reap the benefits that such tourism offers. The key issues discussed as a part of this study include: the manner in which the participation of local indigenous communities can be increased and encouraged by way of training, management or effective strategies; the manner in which their cultural heritage can be promoted in a way that it helps in contributing in enriching Australias tourism experience; and in what way can the policies and strategies so developed, help the indigenous populations, in establishing safe, secure and sustainable futures in terms of increased business opportunities, activities and a greater understanding of the tourism industry in general. The purpose of this report is to enhance or add to the existing market knowledge with regard to tourism as it pertains to indigenous people; help in establishing a cohesive long-term strategy aimed at developing indigenous tourism in Australia; establish a framework which allows for a greater understanding of the indigenous people, their culture, and lifestyles and in the process add to the knowledge and experience of the tourists. This study will help in understanding the manner in which strategies contribute in building the overall appeal of South Australia as a popular tourist destination, and in the process promoting indigenous tourism and cultural heritage of the region. The Australian Aboriginal Cultures Gallery (AACG) is a part of the South Australian Museum, which offers its visitors a unique experience of the Aboriginal culture and the rich cultural heritage of South Australia, by way of collections of art and artifacts. It boasts of one of the world’s

Part 1 assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Part 1 assignment - Coursework Example Its next model is Model X, whose delivery to the market has been postponed a number of times as the company sees to streamline its Model S supply with the global marketing objectives. Apart from the use of electricity as the primary source of energy, the model has many other benefits, which facilitate its efforts to target its niche in the global market. Currently, the company looks to deliver Model X in the next few months. The marketing strategy that is currently being used by Tesla Motors is simply focused on the delivery of the benefits that its cars have above many others in the market, especially in comparison to its key competitors. Primary focus is currently on the new model – Model X. The new model of Tesla electric vehicles, Model X, seeks to deliver a whole lot of advantages to the consumer. First, the model to be positioned is not weight-restricted – it weighs about 10 percent that the current models and has found a way to utilize more than half of the parts used by Model S (Garrett, 2012 ). This means that a whole of functionalities can be added to enhance the experience of the customer without worrying about the weight of the car, unlike in many models in the market. This model also provides you with a double-battery pack in an effort to enhance the length of time that the electric car batteries will last. Will model will also be able to accelerate to almost 100 km/h in sligh tly more than four seconds. This way, it exceeds the performance of many SUV’s as well as the currently provided sports cars. Unlike the current four-wheel drive cars in the market, Model X uses all-wheel drive capability, which utilizes two motors instead of one. The rear-wheel drive model will also be in supply to further enhance the customer experience, especially for off-road drivers (Garrett, 2012 ). The gull-wing doors, hinged to the bottom, will make it possible for the front edge of the

BHE 415 - Community and Domestic Violence (Module 4-SLP) Essay

BHE 415 - Community and Domestic Violence (Module 4-SLP) - Essay Example The rate of physical violence towards the elderly people is more than the street violence and the studies have shown that elderly people are more likely to be harmed by family members than the strangers (Quinn & Tomita 1997 p33). The fact that most of the abuse is caused at the hands of children, spouse or close relatives make it shameful for the elders being abused to report it to the authorities. There are different reasons for not reporting the abuse and most of them are based on the fear of being exposed in the society. Some of the reasons that lead to not exposing the torture and the abuse are protection of the family privacy, embarrassment in front of people, humiliation, fear that they will be tortured more if the abuse is reported, a belief that they deserve the abuse and the fear that if the abuse is reported then they will be sent to the care center and hence lose the privacy of life (Elder Abuse Awareness n.d.). However, there are other reasons like elderly people being incapable of understanding that they are being abused. Elderly people suffering from mental problems like dementia and Alzheimer’s are not in position to understand that they are being abused(Quinn & Tomita 1997 p53). In the book, ‘Mental abuse and neglect’, a case of a elderly woman who was 78-year old and was a widow, is described. In this case, the elderly woman confused her son to be her husband and was being sexually exploited by her son. So even the physical and mental incapability of reporting the abuse is a cause of the abuse not getting reported. The short term consequences are mostly physical in nature like bruises over the body, scratches, scars

Patient satisfaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Patient satisfaction - Essay Example In developing the questionnaire, one must focus one finding focus on achieving three set of goals namely provision of quality health care to patients, treating them with courtesy as well as respect and making the health services affordable to the patients. The questions to be used in the process should thus focus on the three issues namely quality, interpersonal and accessibility. The question should be brief with careful wording so as to ensure that they are not biased, vague or enclosed. There is need to use a consistent scale while developing the questions such as likert scale, 10-point scale or the four point scale. The use of scale assists in the ensuring accuracy and precision in the determination of the satisfaction level of the patient. Anonymity should be highly emphasized as this will allow patients to give their honest opinion. The entire process need to be anonymous and the forms should be filled in private and the questions need to be open-ended so as to make the entire process as flexible as possible (Shelton,

Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity - Essay Example There are numerous similarities and differences among all religions. Religions portray some sort of symbol or icon which they worship but cannot see. Every religion teaches non-violence as well as sacred beliefs. They all entail beliefs in a god or gods and that they all have a final destination. This paper will research three diverse faiths and compare the viewpoint of providing healthcare from the perception of each of these faiths with that of the Christian perspective and my own personal perspective. Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity Introduction Healing is thought as something that originates from medical science, but many religions are now looming on different spiritual or religious beliefs to cater for the healing process of their faithful (O’Brien, 2011). For individuals in the health care industry, it is essential to understand basic spiritual and religious beliefs because they offers more insight into how patients process and perceive their diseases or illness es. Christianity There are numerous religious practices and beliefs depending on an individual, denomination or church. In spite of the varying principles, there are numerous common practices among Christians today (O’Brien, 2011). A majority of Christians are baptized and take the Holy Communion. These are sacred beliefs, which a majority of Christians practice. ... Through asking for forgiveness and God’s intervention, Christians believe that the illness will disappear. Many Christians will first attempt spiritual healing prior to trying surgery or medical healing. Even though Christians opt for divine intervention when dealing with illnesses, they also consider medical intervention as a vital tool for healing (O’Brien, 2011). Christianity has a significant influence throughout the globe. Christianity is also one of the most dominant religions currently. Health care providers, therefore, need to understand the beliefs and doctrines of Christians. Buddhism Buddhism, just like numerous other religions, has different traditions. However, there are several principles that are shared by Buddhists and other religions. Buddhists strive for peace, love and fullness throughout their lives (Bloom, 2011). They use prayers as a tool of regaining mental stability and healing. When Buddhists pray, they must attach four points of their body to t he ground. A majority of Buddhists, for instance, attach the knees and the elbows to the ground when saying their prayers. The touching of the ground with four points symbolizes the heroes in the Buddhists religions. The first and foremost priority in their life is God. The second one is conceding to their ancestors. Their third priority is paying respect to their parents and guardians. Finally, their fourth priority is paying tribute to any teacher in their lives. Buddhists do not believe in evil things (Bloom, 2011). Normally, they are satisfied but do not consider whether a person has done a good or evil thing during his/her lifetime. Buddhists consider healthcare workers to be second to God. Healthcare providers are, therefore, widely respected in the Buddhist spiritual world and religion.

Why does Britain want Turkey in the EU Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Why does Britain want Turkey in the EU - Essay Example The acceptance of Turkey as a member state of EU is a difficult decision mostly because the risk involved is high. More specifically, the country has proved the last years that significant efforts are made towards the improvement of the social and political condition both in the internal and the external environment; however, the standards set by the EU have not been met still. In order to develop its economy in accordance with the Western standards, Turkey introduced a privatisation programme which ‘has included the sale of a number of key state assets. As for UK, the possibly entrance of Turkey in EU could have significant benefits especially in the commercial sector. Possibly gains in political and military sectors could be also exist but only if the intervention of military in the country’s politics is limited. The final decision belongs to European leaders who will formulate their decision in accordance with the completion of the terms set to Turkey regarding its entrance in the EU. In case that Turkey will not follow the guidelines of EU (as presented also through the paper of the Commission of the European Communities published in 2006, section 2 above) then its entrance in EU is very likely to be postponed again in the next enlargement. For reason Turkish investment in the UK is also growing,the support of UK towards the success of bid of Turkey for the membership should be expected to continue for quite a long.

The Bicycle Thief Essay Example for Free

The Bicycle Thief Essay The Bicycle Thief is probably the best known and most highly praised of all the Italian Neorealist films of its era. The films of the Neorealist movement were characterized by several primary ideas. Instead of featuring stories focusing on glitz and glamour, Neorealist films focused on the poor and the working class. Instead of building and fabricating complex sets to film on, they did their filming on location. And instead of trying to get the most well known, highly paid celebrity actors, they frequently used people that weren’t even professional actors and had no training for their starring roles. This all helped lend a sense of realism and weight to the stories. The Bicycle Thief takes place in Rome during a period where the unemployment rate was high and men struggled to support their families. In the film, an unemployed man, Antonio Ricci (played by factory worker Lamberto Maggiorani, in true Neorealist fashion), catches a lucky break and manages to land a job pasting up posters around the city. The only catch is that he needs to own a bike. Being that he already sold his bike to a pawn shop for much needed cash, his wife sells all the bed sheets from their home to scrounge up just enough money to get the bike back. There’s a great shot in this scene where we see an enormous shelf containing hundreds of sheets; a subtle way of showing us that the protagonist is just one of many in similar desperate situations. Antonio gets his bike back and starts his job the next day. Unfortunately, just like in real life, things usually don’t go as planned. While he’s gluing up a poster, a hoodlum dashes by, snags his bike, and takes off with it. Antonio desperately chases after the man, knowing that if he loses his bike, he loses his job, and his family will starve. Try as he might however, the thief manages to escape. He reports the theft to the police, confident that they can help him recover it, but they basically tell him to go look for it himself. The film really tries to highlight the social and moral landscape of the time; if you’re at the bottom of the totem pole, you’re either a target or just one of the faceless millions to be ignored. With no other choice, Antonio takes to the streets and searches for his bike for hours, but comes up empty handed. The scene where he and his son are caught in the rain, soaked and downtrodden, as all around him people on their bikes are riding away really makes poignant the hopelessness of his situation. After trying everything he can think of to get any leads on the thief or the location of his bike, go so far as to even spend what little money he has left on a fortune teller, he happens to bump into the thief in question walking down the street. He chases and finally corners him, but the thief refuses to confess anything and his family and friends defend him from the furious Antonio. The cops arrive, and yet again, they are of no help. They can’t do anything for Antonio as he has no concrete evidence of the crime. Pushed to the final point of desperation, Antonio realizes he has no choice left but to stoop to the lowest level and steal a bike if he doesn’t want his family to starve. He tries to snatch one but is almost immediately taken down by witnesses and held until the police arrive. Seeing Antonio’s son distraught and in tears, the man doesn’t press charge and lets him off the hook. Antonio and his son walk off, both of them in tears, completely hopeless and beaten by society at every turn. This is what Italian Neorealism is all about. For millions upon millions of people living in poverty, real life doesn’t have a happy end. No matter how hard you struggle, sometimes there’s ultimately nothing you can do to alter your fate. And The Bicycle Thief really shows an extremely poignant example of this in the small vignette of Antonio’s life.

Developing Strategic Management And Leadership Skills Commerce Essay

Developing Strategic Management And Leadership Skills Commerce Essay Strategic management can be defined as an art science of formulating, implementing and evaluating cross-functional decisions that enables an organization to reach its organizational or corporate goals effectively and efficiently. Leadership and Strategic Management have the most crucial linkages and it is important to note that strategy of an organization is developed through its leadership vision and organizational philosophy. Leadership and management are different approaches as management just follows orders while leaders inspire others to get the task done and generate orders and commands for management to follow. In this paper, Lincoln Electric has been selected for studying the important linkages between leadership and strategic management. The paper is divided in three main tasks. The first task provides (a) an explanation of the link between strategic management and leadership, (b) an analysis of the impact of management and leadership styles on strategic decisions and (c) an evaluation of how leadership styles can be adapted to different situations. The second task is to (a) review the impact that selected theories of management and leadership have on organizational strategy and (b) create a leadership strategy that supports organizational direction (with the perspective of Apple Inc.). The final task discusses how to (a) use appropriate methods to review current leadership requirements, (b) plan for the development of future situations requiring leadership, (c) plan the development of leadership skills for a specific requirement, and (d) report on the usefulness of methods used to plan t he development of leadership skills. In the end, conclusion is made to summarize the discussion and analysis. Task 1 Linkage between strategic management and leadership It is important to note that leadership plays the most dominant role in helping the organization to reach its goals and objectives. It is because leadership plays the key role in devising an effective and efficient strategy that enables an organization to reach its corporate goals and objectives. Leaders of the organization develop organizational philosophy or operating philosophy of an organization that how it operates. Organizational philosophy develops its culture and structure. It is interesting to note that the vision and mission are important for devising an effective strategy and this vision and mission of organization is highly dependent on organizations culture and structure. Thus, vision and mission (developed ultimately by leadership) gives rise to the strategy of an organization to reach its organizational goals and objectives i.e. to gain a sustainable competitive advantage in the marketplace relative to competition or to anticipate growth through mergers or acquisitions. Therefore, there is an important linkage between strategic management and leadership of an organization as leadership ultimately sets the strategic direction of an organization through the above process that is discussed above. The same linkage of strategic management and leadership is present i n the case of Lincoln electric and it will be discussed in task 2. Some of the important linkages between strategic management and leadership are: Leadership is concerned about the vision while strategic management is focused on implementation according to the vision identified by the leadership. The orientation of leadership is towards change management and anticipation of environmental changes. On the other hand, strategic management is oriented towards adaptation to change identified by the leadership and it does not take the initiatives of organizational and environmental change management. Leadership is concerned with the dynamics of a situation and it identifies and realizes that how to leverage its resources to respond to the dynamics of the situation. Moreover, it is concerned with harmonizing or changing the culture to meet the challenges of dynamic external environment. On the other hand, strategic management is concerned with the technique and it follows the orders of the leadership. Strategic Management function is to make all the stakeholders adaptable to cultural change which is identified by the leadership. Leadership is empowering while strategic management is being empowered. Actions of leadership require skills but the influence of actions of leadership is strongly on character of leaders. Strategic Management is all about skills and management actions are skill oriented rather than character oriented. It is interesting to note that leadership is concerned with positive possibilities while strategic management is concerned about negative consequences. The basic responsibility of leaders is to build and reshape the organization while strategic management is concerned about following leadership vision to assist in building and reshaping the organization. Leadership is all about taking risks because leaders understand their strengths and weaknesses and leaders tend to learn from their mistakes. While the strategic management is more concerned about avoiding risk and adopting risk response strategies. Leadership set goals while management focus mostly on goals set by their higher levels or leadership. Leadership take initiatives beyond its responsibility, support goals, provide direction and empower others. Strategic Management is more concerned about segmenting areas of responsibility and it follows leadership vision, organizational philosophy and organizational culture rather than taking initiatives. Impact of management and leadership style on strategic decisions Leadership styles and management plays an important role in the strategic decision of an organization. As discussed earlier, leadership inspires management to meet strategic objectives and therefore impact of leadership on strategic decisions is more dominant that management and leadership styles are crucial in taking strategic decisions for an organization. Different leadership styles are discussed below which are: Autocratic or authoritarian style In the autocratic or authoritarian style, decision making power is centralized to the leader and the leader holds the main decision making power. The most prominent example of authoritarian leaders is the dictatorship. It is important to note that Autocratic or authoritarian style do not consider or entertain the recommendation, consultation or suggestion from subordinates but rather they would like to implement their own authority on them. It is interesting to note that the Autocratic or authoritarian style leadership style is a useful motivational tool for a manager or leader as it motivates the leader or manager to perform. Also, the decision making process in Autocratic or authoritarian style is very quick and straightforward because only one person is decides for the whole group. Moreover, Autocratic or authoritarian style leaders keep the decision making power with them always and decide solely on their personal opinions unless or until they feel that they should share it with the rest of the group. Laissez-faire or free rein style In Laissez-faire or free rein style, the leader does not lead the group but rather it leaves the group entirely to itself. In simple words, the leader allows maximum freedom to its subordinates. For example, the subordinates are free to make their own policies and decision independently and freely. Participative or democratic style The participative or democratic leaders rely heavily on the consensus of the management and subordinates to take strategic decisions or to set strategic directions. They rely heavily on the consulting of the employees and management to devise strategies for reaching organizational goals. Team and Management of the corporation in this style of leadership is effective but it is a slow process. It is interesting to note that leaders in this case are selected by the consensus of subordinates or management unlike in authoritarian style of leadership. Impact of leadership style on management and strategic decisions Different leadership styles are effective and efficient based on different situations and contexts. For example, sometimes the organizations have to make immediate decisions where time is very little to converge on an agreement. In this case an Autocratic or authoritarian style is more effective because a designated authority who have more experience and expertise than the rest of the team could make and implement decision rapidly and quickly to respond to the given scenario. On the other side, in case of a highly motivated and aligned team with a homogenous level of expertise and experience, Laissez-faire or free rein style would be more effective and efficient. It depends on scenario and objectives that which leadership style should be chosen. Task 2 Review of selected theories of management and leadership impact on Lincoln Electric organizational strategy Vision, Mission and Value Statement Leadership is the most crucial reason for the success of an organization. Leadership enables the organization to gain a sustainable competitive advantage in the marketplace. It is because leadership develops operating and organizational philosophy which shapes vision, mission, and organizational culture of the organization. Vision, Mission and organizational culture play the most crucial to devise and effective and efficient strategy to gain a sustainable competitive advantage in the marketplace. Therefore, leadership is the most important element in making vision, mission and value statements and these statements reflects the leadership traits and personalities and their visions. The vision, mission and value statements can be implied from their official website which reflects the leadership and organizational philosophy of Lincoln Electric. Vision statement can be formulated as To be the global manufacturer and market leader of the highest quality welding, cutting and joining products. The Mission statement for Lincoln Electric can be stated as To endure passion for development and application market leadership and global manufacturer vision by providing complete solutions that make their customers more productive and successful. Finally, the value statement can be described as the customer value would be provided to customers by strengthening and maximizing the satisfaction of employees and customer value would generate shareholders value in return with the maximum employee motivation and satisfaction. (Lincoln Electric, 2010) Operating Philosophy or organizational philosophy It is interesting to note the company operating philosophy is highly characterized by the Christian ethics and it was leadership vision of James F. Lincoln which then became the organizational and operating philosophy of Lincoln Electric. The above implied vision, mission and value statements reflect the Christian ethics that are gained from the operating philosophy of Lincoln Electric. Highest quality products are provided to the customers by identifying customer needs and wants with a sense of empathy. The value is provided to customers in terms of product efficiency rather than price discounts and customer enjoys long term benefits and overall cost reduction in the form of less repairing, maintenance, replacement and upgrading. The organizational philosophy of Christian ethics had six core values which are: Respond to our customers needs and expectations with quality, integrity, and value, Recognize people as our most valuable asset, maintain and expand the Lincoln Incentive Manag ement Philosophy, practice prudent and responsible financial management, strive continually to be environmentally responsible, and support communities where we operate and industries in which we participate. The six values define thoroughly the operating philosophy of Lincoln Electric regarding customers, stockholders, unionism and employees. (Buller Schuler, 2006) The employees are working on a piece rate basis with a performance score which motivates the employees to work hard. If an employee is not performing well then it would hit the piece rate basis and the employee would miss the financial incentives. Job security is very high at Lincoln Electric as the employees are not punished but motivated in case of failures. The employees are not fired because of the Christian empathy operating philosophy but employees realize that if they would not perform well then they would miss their financial incentives which drives employees attitudes to work efficiently under high job security for gaining the maximum bonuses and incentives. (Buller Schuler, 2006) Lincoln Management Incentives and Bonus Plan The management incentives and bonus plan of Lincoln electric are very motivational and attractive. The Lincoln bonus plan is strategically aligned with the piece rate pay plan which was discussed in above. It is a fact that Lincoln electric management incentives and bonus plans are the amounts worth more than half of the employee normal pay or wage. Management incentives and bonuses are based on performance based reward/point system. The management incentive and bonus plans are considered as a financial motivator in Lincoln electric. Management incentives and bonuses are considered to be the share and recognition of employees for their contribution in the financial and competitive performance of the Lincoln Electric. Points are allotted according to the contribution of each employee or manager to the financial performance and management incentives and bonuses are rewarded according to the points scored by the employees. The management incentives and bonus plans are based on reinforce ment theory which states that behavior is a function of its consequences. (Robbins, 2005) Leadership strategy Strategic issues driving the success of Lincoln Electric A clear analysis of Lincoln Electric indicates that Lincoln Electric has no strategic issues as it is exploiting its core competencies and capabilities to gain a sustainable competitive advantage in the marketplace. It is performing differently from rivals. According to Michael Porter (1996), Strategic Positioning and operational effectiveness are two entirely different approaches and concepts. Operational Effectiveness is necessary for a business success but not sufficient for it. An organization has to develop a strong strategic positioning to be globally competitive and to gain a sustainable competitive advantage which is not imitable by competition. Strategic Positioning is an entirely different approach and it is performing different activities from competitors or performing similar activities in different ways. On the other hand, operational effectiveness is just performing similar activities from rivals in a better but not different way. Therefore, the competitive advantage ga ined from operational effectiveness is easily imitable because the competitors may also adopt the same or better practices to come up with the same or a better advantage. But, in case of strategic positioning, competitors could not imitate because the corporation adopting strategic positioning is entirely different from rivals and a competitor has to copy the whole activity systems to imitate that competitive advantage which is almost impossible because the own strategic positioning of that particular competitor would be lost after doing this. Japanese companies were well known for best-practices and Total Quality Management. Their global competitiveness was based on operational effectiveness in the 1970s and 1980s. In the race of operational effectiveness, the Japanese companies could not develop strategic positioning and fell under the trap of competitive convergence. The focus of Japanese corporations was to imitate competitors and just to perform better. Japanese enjoyed success because the world economies were growing. But when the markets became saturated; the Japanese firms were stuck in their own traps and finally rubbed out of markets. (Porter, What is Strategy, 1996) Lincoln Electric has developed a strategic positioning rather than operational effectiveness. The most crucial reason for Lincoln Electrics survival is its strong human resource management in the most union obsessed part of US. Lincoln Electric activity systems supported each other to have a sustainable competitive edge. The focus of Lincoln Electric was to develop a strategic position while the rivals were more concerned about operational effectiveness which was necessary but not sufficient. Task 3 Current leadership requirements It is important to note that organizations devise efficient business level and corporate strategies to gain a sustainable competitive advantage in the marketplace relative to competition. The leadership plays the most dominant role in devising strategies for corporation to sustain a competitive advantage. Leadership develops organizational philosophy and organizational philosophy gives rise to vision and mission for the organization. The strategic objectives of an organization are set on the basis of its visions and missions. Therefore, understanding and knowledge of leadership philosophy and its implications is the most effective skill for efficient leadership. The individuals working in the Lincoln Electric must have knowledge of organizational philosophy and its culture and personal goals of individuals must be aligned with the organizational philosophy for effective leadership. Personal skills of the individuals must be compatible with the organizational philosophy to develop leadership in them. The personal skills which are required for efficient leadership are: Self awareness Proactive Ability to frame and reframe events Ability to integrate the perspectives of others Self-Motivation (Ambler, 2006) All the above personal skills of individuals must be compatible with the professional skill of understanding of organizational philosophy to reach organizational strategic goals. Development of future situation for requiring leadership As we have already discussed that every organization makes efficient business level and corporate strategies to gain a sustainable competitive advantage in the marketplace relative to competition. The leadership plays the most dominant role in devising strategies for corporation to sustain a competitive advantage. Leadership develops organizational philosophy and organizational philosophy gives rise to vision and mission for the organization. The strategic objectives of an organization are set on the basis of its visions and missions. Professionally, understanding of organizational philosophy, aligns the personal goals of an individual with organizational goals and the person realizes that, to be successful, he must reach organizational strategic goals for reaching his own personal goals because an incentive or compensation and motivation is added with this understanding of organizational philosophy. Therefore, motivation (career development, personal goals) and compensation (rewards, promotions) provide means for both kinds of goals or objective accomplishment. Personally, having interpersonal skills and capabilities, creates awareness among the individuals that corporate culture and philosophy is important for the success of the individuals and organization. The development of self-motivation with the above concept develops a driving force that guides the individual to meet their personal goals by moving on the way of reaching strategic goals of the organization. Leadership skills for a specific situation For example, the changing market trends motivate the Lincoln Electric to devise more environment and user friendly tools for its customers. In this case, organization must devise activity systems and strategy according to its leadership philosophy and operating philosophy because it is the core competency of the organization. It must seek ways for harmonizing personal goals of individuals with the leadership goals by compensating them effectively. Leadership must be developed by teaching individuals organizational philosophy which comes from leadership. Methodology The Lincoln Electric must design a one year management trainee program in which individuals must be trained both professional and personally for strategic goals achievement. There should be four modules. The first module must include the professional literature such as competitive strategy by Michael porter, different academic articles related to strategy and leadership, complete description of organizational and leadership philosophy to develop personal skills for strategic goals achievement. The second module must involve motivational approaches and methodology for defining ways to harmonize personal with professional goals, compensation and benefits as incentives to integrate personal goals with professional goals and an overview of organization. The third module must include rotation of individuals among the different departments and capacities and final module must require the individuals to manage some pilot projects to reach organizational strategic goals. It is important that organizational and leadership philosophy must be reinforced in each and every module by the trainers. The last two modules are designed to increase involvement of individuals at the different strategic levels. The training must conducted and supervised by the true leaders of the organization. Conclusion In this paper, important linkages between strategic management and leadership of an organization were studied and analyzed. The first introduced the links between strategic management and leadership. The second part applied management and leadership philosophies to study the Lincoln Electric which is one of the successful organizations of the world. The last part recommended some strategies to develop and boost leadership across the organization. It can be concluded that leadership plays the key role in the strategic management and success of an organization. 3225 Words

Older People With Strokes

Older People With Strokes An estimated 150,000 people have a stroke in the UK each year (Scottish Stroke Care Audit 2005/2006) with a mortality of over 67,000 (British Heart Foundation, 2005) . It is the third most common cause of death in England and Wales, after heart disease and cancer (NHS, 2001).This is in accordance with the report published by World Health Organization stating, stroke is the third highest cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed countries of the world, immediately following ischemic heart disease and malignant diseases(WHO, 2008).Because strokes are common and lead to substantial disability and ill-health, a large proportion of the NHS budget is spent on treating people who have suffered a stroke. The direct cost of stroke to the NHS is estimated to be  £2.8 billion. The cost to the wider economy is  £1.8 billion (NHS, 2001).Thus a needs assessment of this population group might help understand the intricacies of this issue. This assignment aims at giving a brief account of the factors influencing the health of people who have suffered stroke and further plan and justify a health needs assessment for the same. It will also attempt to provide a critical analysis of a relevant health policy and its impact on the affected population. Stroke: Definition and Risk Factors The World Health Organization defines stroke as a condition caused by the interruption of the blood supply to the brain, usually because a blood vessel bursts or is blocked by a clot. This cuts off the supply of oxygen and nutrients, causing damage to the brain tissue. The effects of a stroke depends on which part of the brain is injured and how severely it is affected. A very severe stroke can cause sudden death (WHO, 2008). Various physiologic and medical conditions can precipitate stroke. The risk factors can be categorised into biological, environmental, socioeconomic and behavioural. There is often an interplay of two or more factors that attribute to morbidity. Biological: These include age, gender and genetic predisposition. The single most important factor that increases the chances of stroke threefold is the age of the individual (Fisher, 2001). Age People most at risk for stroke are older adults, particularly those with high blood pressure, who are sedentary, overweight, smoke, or have diabetes. Incidence rises exponentially with age and majority of them occur in persons older than 65 years (Fisher, 2001). Wolfe, Rudd Beech (1996) states that the risk of stroke doubles with each successive decade over the age of 55. Older age is also linked with higher rates of post-stroke dementia. Gender In most age groups except older adults, stroke is more common in men than in women. However, it kills more women than men, regardless of ethnic groups (Fisher, 2001). This may be partly due to the fact that women tend to live longer than men, and stroke is more common among older adults. Women account for about 6 in 10 stroke deaths (NHS, 2001). Race and Ethnicity In as diverse a population in England and Wales, the minority population, especially those belonging to the African and South Asian origin, face a significantly higher risk for stroke and death from stroke than the English (Wolfe, 1996). They also have a higher prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension than other groups. However, studies suggest that socioeconomic factors also affect these differences. Lifestyle Factors Smoking: People who smoke a pack a day have almost two and a half times the risk for stroke as nonsmokers. Smoking increases both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke risk (Wolfe, 1996). The risk for stroke may remain elevated for as long as 14 years after quitting, hence an earlier quit is recommended (NHS, 2001). Diet: Unhealthy diet (saturated fat, high sodium) can contribute to heart disease, high blood pressure, and obesity, which are all risk factors for stroke(Winter, 2001). Physical Inactivity: Lack of regular exercise can increase the risk of obesity, diabetes, and poor circulation, which increase the risk of stroke. Alcohol and Drug Abuse: Alcohol abuse, including binge drinking, increases the risk of stroke. Drug abuse, particularly with cocaine or methamphetamine, is a major factor of stroke in young adults. Anabolic steroids, used for body-building and sports enhancement, also increase stroke risk. Heart and Vascular Diseases Heart disease and stroke are closely tied for many reasons. People who have one heart or vascular condition (high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, diabetes, peripheral artery disease) are at increased risk for developing other related conditions (British Heart Foundation, 2005). High Blood Pressure. High blood pressure (hypertension) contributes to about 70% of all strokes. Hypertensive people have up to 10 times the normal risk of stroke, depending on the severity of the blood pressure in the presence of other risk factors. Hypertension is also an important cause of so-called silent cerebral infarcts, or blockages, in the blood vessels in the brain (mini-strokes) that may predict major stroke. Controlling blood pressure is extremely important for stroke prevention. A meta-analysis of nine prospective studies, including 420,000 individuals followed for 10 years, found that stroke risk increased by 46% for every 7.5-mm Hg increase in diastolic blood pressure (Fisher,2001). Atrial Fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation, a major risk factor for stroke, is a heart rhythm disorder in which the atria (the upper chambers in the heart) beat very quickly and nonrhythmically (British Heart Foundation, 2005). Between 2 4% of patients with atrial fibrillation without any history of TIA or stroke will have an ischemic stroke over the course of the year. Of those with atrial fibrillation, the risk generally is highest in those older than age 75, with heart failure or enlarged heart, coronary artery disease, history of clots, diabetes, or heart valve abnormalities (Winter, 2001). Diabetes Heart disease and stroke are the leading causes of death in people with diabetes. Diabetes is second only to high blood pressure as the main risk factor for stroke. The risk is highest for adults newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and patients with diabetes who are younger than age 55. African-Americans with diabetes are at even higher risk for stroke at a younger age (Wolfe, 1996). Diabetes is a particularly strong risk factor for ischemic stroke, perhaps because of accompanying risk factors, such as obesity and high blood pressure. Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Obesity may increase the risk for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke independently of other risk factors that often co-exist with excess weight, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and unhealthy cholesterol level (Winter, 2001). Weight that is centered around the abdomen (the so-called apple shape) has a particularly high association with stroke, as it does for heart disease, in comparison to weight distributed around hips (pear-shape). Stroke being a syndromic illness, the health needs of those at risk and post stroke survivors are varied and need due consideration. Health Needs Assessment in Stroke Survivors Health needs assessment according to the NHS health needs assessment workbook is a systematic review of the health issues facing a population leading to agreed priorities and resource allocation that will improve health and reduce inequalities. This ensures that any action taken minimises harm to health, and may improve it for those with the most to gain. In particular, stroke is a leading cause of adult disability (Raina, 1998). The trajectory of care for stroke is of sudden onset, acute hospital care followed by rehabilitation and return to community living. Of new stroke survivors, an estimated 56% go directly home after acute care, 32% go to inpatient rehabilitation, and 11% go to long-term care facilities (NHS, 2001). Stroke survivors returning to the community often have difficulties performing every day activities like dressing, eating, and mobility that can last well into the first year post-stroke (Mayo, 2002). It is also commonly associated with cognitive changes (e.g., 26. 3% of ischemic stroke survivors are diagnosed with dementia (Desmond, 2000)). Caregivers provide essential support to these individuals when they return home with varying levels of physical and cognitive difficulty. The assessment of health needs, involves a combination of epidemiological assessment of disease prevalence, the evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment and care options, and their relative costs and effectiveness, analysis of existing activity and resource data, and application of this knowledge to populations (Bowling, 2009). Thus according to pallant (2002) it is important to identify the needs not wants so as to achieve measurable improvement from an intervention. As this involves time and efforts and results in considerable long term benefits for those who undertake it and for the population assessed. Hence it has attracted the interest of policy makers, health economist and health professionals to satisfy individual and population needs to optimize resource utilization (Lari Gari, 2005). In the present context the aim of health needs assessment for stroke is to lower the incidence of stroke, directed at reducing smoking, reducing socio-economic deprivation, lowering blood pressure and encouraging healthy lifestyles (Stevens, et al., 2004) Thus the health needs of stroke survivors during various phases of their post stroke recovery period as discovered in the literature are summarized as follows Biological aspect Biological pathology of post-stroke is neuromuscular function impairment which hinge on the lesion area on the brain. Undoubtedly, sensory-motor assessment such as visual field defects, bladder in dysphasia, sensory impairment and muscle power weakness (Klara, 2006). Also, motor paralysis is still a major problem in stroke condition that presents a weakness on the affected side particularly upper and lower extremities, due to lack of muscle tone generation and imbalance of nerve impulse from cerebral cortex which leads to flaccidity and spasticity (Fawcus, 2000). Therefore in order to evaluate post stroke management and care, use of a variety of standardized tests before physical rehabilitation training can help to assess the general and specific needs of the patients. For example, the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) can assess muscle spasticity, the Medical Research Council Motor Power Score (MRC-MPS) can measure motor power and strength of isolated group of muscle and Likert-type scales use to count pain condition (Fasoli et al. 2004). In addition, the Barthel Index can evaluate functional skills of activity of daily living (Shah et al. 1989). These instruments and therapeutic modalities can assess the accurate physical condition and abilities of the stroke survivor and help perform strategic plan for his rehabilitation. Physical aspects After the stabilization of the patients medical condition the clinical emphasis is on preparing the patients to return home. The most important physical competency to be monitored in the stroke survivors by the health professionals at this stage are related to activity of daily living (ADL skills). As Gresham (1986) suggests independence in ADL will continue to be a suitable hallmark of physical restoration. Therefore the aspects that need consideration include education and training of stroke survivors and care givers to help them safely perform the activity of daily living and adapt the training received in the hospital to the home environment. For example, in the home environment bathrooms may be smaller, hallways may be narrower, carpets may be difficult to manage, and stairs may be difficult to negotiate. The sudden transition to the home with an absence of health professionals with whom to consult as needed may also make caregivers anxious. As a result, caregivers may need advi ce from peers and/or health care professionals on how to manage the care recipients various needs (Cameroon Gignac, 2008). They may require additional training, and they may need additional emotional support to address fears and anxiety associated with starting to provide care in the community. Emotional and needs Stroke survivors need continued practice and support in their activities of daily living and would benefit from the opportunity to test their skills in the home environment under the supervision of rehabilitation professionals and/or nurses (Pallant, 2002). These professionals could appraise and provide feedback about their functioning ability with the aim of enhancing stroke survivors skills and confidence. Emotionally, stroke survivors need support from social workers and/or family and friends to manage their mounting anxiety and uncertainty about their skills and competence in the community(Cameroon Gignac, 2008). The types of resources include access to community care agencies, on-going rehabilitation, and support groups. Behavioural needs The first and foremost priority in post stroke rehabilitation is to control the modifiable risk factors in stroke survivors. Several modifiable risk factors that contribute to development and progression of stroke include hypertension, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, excessive alcohol consumption, lack of physical activity, dietary and hyper-cholesterolaemia (Gariballa, 2004). Multidisciplinary team approach not only helps in prevention but also to identify the susceptible population at risk. It is the primary health care team including clinical governance who leads the team (Pallant, 2002). Studies have shown that hypertension is the single most attributable factor for stroke. Smokers are at three fold risk of stroke when compared with non- smokers and 10 fold risks when in combination with raised systolic blood pressure (Wolfe, Rudd Beech, 1996). Diabetes accounts for 10-20% of all strokes whereas epidemiological studies have confounded that alcohol consumption has direct do se dependent effect (Lindley,2008). Thus patients and care giver counselling in improving the lifestyle related factors and regular monitoring of the patients during post stroke rehabilitation is mandatory for long term benefits. However in order to make the life of the post stroke survivors and the care givers more comfortable appropriate policies and their implementation should be the highest priority of the government and the Department of Health. Policy analysis in post-stroke from National Stroke Strategy [version 2008] (Department of Health, 2008) From the information available, the national stroke strategy tried to give data, advice and support for clear and easy implementation of treatment plan. This policy provides opportunity for stroke survivors to participate and express their health needs. Also, this persuades all institutional services of stroke to prepare pertinent information and health support into the system service to help people access information and care easily. For instance, if stroke survivors need to change service and treatment, healthcare team should explain factual information and transfer them to the right modalities by finding an accurate therapy to support them. Furthermore, if there is a voluntary organization service to serve nearby stroke patients home, health professionals should advise them to encourage joint activity in their society. Conclusively, this guiding principle explores peoples need and open people to feed back information on stroke service attribute. The essence of involving people in developing service and treatment programme lies in the policy makers view to incorporate stroke survivors and carers in decision making for development of strategic plan, focus management, delivery and scrutiny of appropriate service, to provide special tools and assistive support in case of severity. The strength of this stroke policy is evident from the relevant points and emphasis on the step by step sequencing of services regarding important concerns. Besides, guideline pattern has highlighted the key words that refer to reading awareness including consistency of cartoon painting which is easy to capture in perceptual context and comprehension. However, there are a few weaknesses of informative system that cannot explain the details of further information if people need to read in-depth and cannot show the feature of voluntary organization for connection of services. Examine how to serve life after stroke, assessment and rehabilitation Having completed basic stroke treatment, the life after stroke needs to be evaluated with an objective for providing a good quality of life and design services for people who have had a stroke and are supported to live with independence with possible availability of resources at their home and environment. The policy aims at stroke survivors and relatives requirement of high-quality rehabilitation training and medical support in order to promote better movement/mobility in day-to- day life, self hygiene and cooking, adequate communicative skills, distress/depression management problem solving ability and sexual behavioural understanding. The outstanding Information can help many readers and healthcare providers to realize and understand the overview of stroke patients. All healthcare professionals should follow this guideline on rehabilitation by concentrating on individual patient needs and differing needs of some ethnic groups depending on their culture and belief in environmental society. In addition, the plan of strategy has underlined the end-of-life care by considering severe stroke survivors who seem not to get better and help them join the right service programme with the right caregiver such as special care and needs, choice of place of death and assessment of the satisfaction of patients relatives about the end-of-life care. Therefore, the life after stroke policy is to distinguish, to follow and depict the important roles of healthcare team but which cannot see the pitfalls of service process. If the action plan can be manipulated, according to the patient requirement from the hospital to strokes home and community, the end result will definitely be much better. Analyse the process of health service in long-term care support In order to analyse the policy service system of stroke, the stroke strategy has to be formulated to facilitate easy-to-access services and to receive concomitant service from interdisciplinary team for long-term needs of stroke survivors. Outstandingly, provision of long-term care is essential and has become a part of health promotion because post-stroke pathology is different in each patient that needs to be rehabilitated in different modality intervention programmes. Nevertheless, this policy of long-term care support is difficult to manage a range of different rehabilitations because the activity involves various dimensions and a combination of facilities for different stroke cases and hence difficult to meet the complex social care needs. Apart from this, the stroke policy provides only an overview of immediate management and does not explain how to set the long-term care and support for stroke survivors. Although the long- term care process can lead to a better quality of life after stroke, there are many factors that need to be planned, especially related to the individual stroke condition. The guidance should be planned and made elusive in terms of mild, moderate and severe stroke in long-term care and support which is necessary for reflection of different short and long term goals to be achieved in rehabilitation training. However, the policy services merely shows peoples needs assessment and do not describe the effective planning that meets individual needs particularly related to long term care and hence should be considered accordingly to the level of stroke condition to identify specific social care needs, including the purpose of longer-term follow-up with evaluation in multispectral collaborative services. Discuss home modification, return to work and community participation To improve the quality of life in post-stroke environment, the stroke policy makers provide only with a framework for adapting the home to be compatible with patients needs for him/her to be independent but do not give details of provisions for daily life activities. The conceptual strategy has illustrated general requirement of services for transportation and housing management by pondering over housing needs related to adaptation and modification but does not analyse specific factors that may have both positive and negative impact on the development of post-stroke skills as well as that may obstruct independence in functional ability at their homes. Nevertheless, there are no details of home modifications that are mandatory in sample such as slope area, stairway, toilet, bed room and kitchen. Conclusion From the above it is clear that the burden of disease due to stroke and the its impact during the recovery period deeply affects the life of the survivor. The high incidence and prevalence of disease make it necessary to implement appropriate measures to prevent first ever and recurrent strokes. Moreover a well planned rehabilitation of the stroke survivors is vital for improved prognosis. Conclusively an assessment of the health needs of this population group can be used to optimize health care services and facilities in the best interest of the survivors. This can also be used by the policymakers in improving the relevant provisions in meeting the health needs of the deprived. Word count : 3352

Good User Interface :: essays research papers

A Good User Interface Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The majority of today ¡Ã‚ ¦s businesses use the internet to expand their customer base. However, there are several companies who will publish their site on the World Wide Web, before reviewing its user friendliness. And in doing so, they may be losing a customer, due to the poorly designed aspects of that web interface. So, what makes a website a good user interface? Which sites are examples of this, and which sites are not? In the following information, there will be descriptions, benefits, and examples of both types of interfaces.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most important aspect of a user friendly site is the speed of loading the site. For some new surfers, a fast internet connection does not exist. Therefore, it is important to limit the graphics on a web site. Those sites that fill the home page with mostly graphics and images, may find their potential client dropping the page at 50%. An example of such a site is the following wedding photography site: http://www.mindysonshine.com/ Its home page contains mostly digital pictures which take a while to load, before the end user can view what the photographer has to offer. Obviously, a photographer ¡Ã‚ ¦s web site should contain images of their work. However, the requirement would have been better accomplished by limiting the digital images to a link off of the home page as opposed to the opening page. In doing so, a potential customer would be able to open the home page to learn what services are offered, package pricing, and the studio location, prior to becoming impatient, thus moving onto another photographers site.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A website with a well-designed layout is also important to users. It is their window to view what the company has to offer. If the website ¡Ã‚ ¦s layout and appearance is confusing and inefficient, most customers will simply go elsewhere. According to KarenHolman, Information Specialist for Outreach Communications and Technology,  ¡Ã‚ §A good web site puts the needs of its users first.  ¡Ã‚ § Her site lists the following recommendations for attaining this goal „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Know your audience: Who is the end user for the site? „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Satisfy the users' basic questions: Is the information complete and up to date? „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Content remains king: The content answers questions, has no spelling and punctuation errors, is dated and signed, and contains a contact. „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Page Design: Loads quickly, presents information in first one or two pages, and limits special effects. „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Working links: Links are tested regularly to ensure they are working.

surfing :: essays research papers

Surfing is the sport of riding a surfboard toward the shore on the crest of a wave. It is an amazing sport to learn and it gives the rider a hell of an adrenaline rush!! There are three major phases of surfing – paddling, push up and the standing position. This report will give you a full understanding of the correct techniques to use while surfing and it also describes the basic structure and function of the muscular-skeletal and cardio-respiratory systems of the human body. It will also describe the many different energy systems and how they change when surfing. Getting Started Before catching the massive waves it’s a good idea to practise getting used to surfing on the white wash. The white wash is where the waves break and it is the easiest wave to catch. Strap your leg rope (or leash) to your ankle, and hold the slack so you don’t trip as you enter the water. The first phase in surfing is paddling. To start off you will need to learn how to successfully catch a wave. It’s a good idea to watch other surfers get into the water, and observe the route they use to paddle out. To paddle, you first lie on your surfboard – to do this body weight needs to be positioned along the centre of the board. Your feet need to be raised slightly off the end of the board. Your body needs to be far enough back to keep the nose of the board about a couple of inches out of the water. If you are too far forward on the board you will notice that the nose of the board keeps dipping underwater making it very difficult to paddle. It will take time to find the most comfortable position. Try to be balanced on the board and paddle at almost the speed of the incoming wave. Raise your head when you paddle with arms bent at the elbow approximately ninety degrees. Reach out with one arm at a time, cupping your hands to make a scoop, stroking your way through the water. You don’t have to dig your arms too deep. Keep the movement of your arms nice and smooth, pulling the board through the water and finish your paddle by flicking your wrist as your arms moves past your hip. Pictures (Above and right): The position of different surfers while paddling

How is violence presented in Lord of the Flies? Essay

Binary oppositions: Civilisation vs savagery (breakdowns). Zoomorphism Binary oppositions: Dictatorship vs democracy (juxtapositions) Deaths of Simon and Piggy – animalistic, savage chanting, violent behaviour when they let their temptations get the better of them. Simon and the beast? Conclusion – end of the novel William Golding explores the theme of violence throughout his novel ‘Lord of the Flies’. He believed that every individual has the potential to bring out their inner evil, and that every human being is flawed in their nature. Hence, he wrote a novel with an aim to employ characterisation of mankind’s essential sickness, after his time spent in war. He also aimed to challenge Ballantyne’s ‘Coral Island’. ‘Lord of the Flies’ presents the helpless and violent breakdown – along with devolution, of civilisation on the island by using authoritative symbolism, metaphorical imagery and biblical references to reinforce this loss of humanity in this corrupt regime. In the exposition of the novel, we are familiarised with the setting of the island – which begins as a utopia for the boys, with â€Å"the shimmering water†. This has paradisiacal connotations, showing the island to be an obvious place of beauty, along with the â€Å"lagoon† and â€Å"young palm trees†, which again is an idyllic characteristic for a place of bliss. However, this contrasts with the dark traits of the island also being depicted – which start becoming prominent and sets the theme of violence in Golding’s novel. The plane crash on the island is described as a â€Å"scar†, implying that the mark left has permanently damaged the island, which was once untouched and flawless. The use of this intimidating and daunting word ‘scar’ shows the ruin and damage of the situation in which the plane has come from, thus portraying violent features. Furthermore, this reveals the background information to the plot – the boys are evacuees from the war who have landed  on this island due to a plane crash; which connotes violence already. Another example of violence on the island is expressed through Golding’s description of features generally associated with islands – â€Å"skull-like† and â€Å"decaying† coconuts. These adjectives have oppressive connotations. Furthermore, the â€Å"witch-like cry† symbolises evil, and this creates appositions with the previous optimistic impression of the island, which hints to the readers that this island may not really be as magical as deemed. Another way the theme of violence is presented across the novel, is through the binary oppositions – principally the theme of civilisation versus savagery. The established division between the two groups of boys each represent a certain aspect to society. The characters (predominantly) Ralph, Piggy and Simon represent civilisation with the use of the conch to display order and control during the organised and contained meetings. On the other hand, there is Jack who leads his hunters (or his â€Å"tribe†), representing savagery. At first they work together, but disagreements shortly lead to to dehumanisation of their relationships – following progression from a â€Å"shy liking† between Jack and Ralph, to Jack trying to kill ralph towards the novel’s resolution. The fundamental peak of this opposition is present during the undeniable temptation of hunger, when Ralph and Piggy join the hunters as their desperation for food takes over. The metaphorical imagery set by Golding of Simon’s death shows the height of this violence and how the boys let the evil inside of them win. Simon’s allegorical role or function in the novel includes biblical insinuations. â€Å"†¦and was covered with a coat of pearls†¦Ã¢â‚¬  these divine allusions emphasise the violence present, as they contrast with the angelic and Christ-like quality of Simon, whom the savages mercilessly murdered. Following this incident, the conch is shattered and when Piggy’s glasses are broken (along with the death of the fire that previously occurred), it foreshadows the total destruction of any possible civilisation ever returning back to the island, showing the demise but need of law, order and reason in society). Hereafter, Ralph is left alone to face the savages. This all underlines Golding’s ideas that humans have evil and hatred deep inside of them, and could let the inner beast completely and violently take over if they be submissive to even a bit of temptation. The other binary opposition also prevailing in this novel is  dictatorship versus democracy. This juxtaposition is also used to portray violence across the novel. For example, â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.† Here, we can see the development of the behaviour of the, as turning more and more violent as soon as they lose sight of the conch, and the sense of democracy is broken down or lost. Violence is presented in the novel through the very diverse deaths of both Piggy and Simon. Prior to Simon’s murder, the boys had been chanting â€Å"Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood!† in â€Å"complementary circles†. These are powerful phrases which Golding pervades using the rule of three, to highlight the viciousness of this violent, tribal practice. The actions of these young boys are also atrocious and horrifying. â€Å"At once, the crowd surged after it, poured down the rock, leapt on to the beast, scream, struck, bit and tore. There were no words, and no movements but the tearing of teeth and claws.† These animalistic verbs have connotations of zoomorphism; resonating humans with the likeness and behaviour of animals. This is also significant as humans are meant to be intelligent – with the capacity for decent communication through language and words. However, here, the boys are so engulfed and consumed in their bestial actions of brutality, that they have lost touch with their ‘human’ sides, unable to differentiate between good and bad, that they have lost that capability to converse, and instead are resorting to un-civilised, barbaric means. â€Å"Teeth and claws† are widely associated with large predators, and so by using this, Golding is showing us that once you give aside to a little violence, you can turn into a complete ‘animal’. The verb â€Å"tearing† demonstrating ripping human is shocking and also portrays vehemence. This violence is further emphasized through Golding’s angelic description, post-death of the protagonist. â€Å"†¦was covered with a coat of pearls†¦Ã¢â‚¬  shows the purity reflected upon Simon, as well as â€Å"the line of his cheek silvered†, which has Christ-like implications. The phrase â€Å"silver shape† portrays a virtuous sheen and quality in Simon, as his â€Å"dead body moved out towards the open sea†, when he finally finds peace. This is also contrasted with Piggy’s matter-of-fact, and scientific death. â€Å"Piggy’s arms and legs twitched, like a pig’s after it has been killed†. The lexical field used is gruesome and horrific, thus again portraying the violence, long with the use of sub-vocals, â€Å"zup†,  noise, and clamour used to replace language, being used by the boys to express and connect with each other. Piggy’s death had been hinted from the very start of the novel, through small incidents of violence occurring. For example, it progressed from Roger at the beginning throwing stones at the little ones, aiming â€Å"to miss†, to him rolling the boulder that killed Piggy. Violence had also been present when Ralph â€Å"machine-gunned Piggy†. Moreover, jack’s violent actions of killing the pig at the start also foreshadows piggy’s death, as it led to him being killed in the end. Towards the novel’s conclusion, we are brought back to reality and reminded that these ‘savages’, are in fact just a â€Å"group of painted boys†. This is another way that violence is presented in the novel; because we are shown that all these horrific actions in the novel, were in fact only performed by little, once innocent children. Indeed, the violence had been so strenuous, that is had caused dehumanisation of values and characters. For example, at the start Percival â€Å"recited† his name, whereas when help arrived, â€Å"there was no more to come. Percival Wemys Madison sought in his head for an incantation that had faded clean away†. This disintegration of speech, and the fact Percival as forgotten how to speak underlines the destruction caused by the violence. The ending has a deus-ex-machina factor to it – right at the peak of the violence, rescue had come. The officer asks the boys â€Å"what have you been doing? Having a w ar or something?† which is ironic because they were actually having a â€Å"war†. This could also be seen as a microcosm for the Cold war that had been occurring, during the time Golding wrote this novel.

Locke and Shakespeare

It is distinguished to none that Lockes Second Treatise on G everyplacenment is fully rooted on something ideological and ta tabby parts of it piece of ass of the inning be considered inappropriate, speci eithery, because the circumstances Locke laid on his work varies form that of Richard II. Knowing this, Richard II nominate besides be analyze with reference to some archetypes found on Lockes philosophy rather than an genuine application or portrayal of such. sideline the flow of Lockes work, I depart start with his concept of the bring up of warf be. Locke indicated that a state of war is in blood with the natural tendency of men to take up-to doe with life. On the other hand, there be certain situationors that may threaten a person and may lead him to war or destruction, just never license him to do so. He supposes that proper perfor earthly concernce of the law and punishment stick out hold back war.During the on coif of the take all over, it is clear that Richard II has make an erroneous error in not being able to settle and hold a fair judgement on the dispute between Bolingbroke and Mowbray. When there is a clear indication that law has been lost and that punishment has no basis or bearing and thus, altered, questions leave arise and subsequently bring forth war.More of this can be discussed when I go into the compass point of political and civil purchase order and the dissipation of the political relation later in this paper. My point here is that Richard IIs forgiveness of reducing Bolingbrokes sentence to 6 years, no matter how justified, is an act extraneous of the law that he, himself, should inculcate and practice. Not to correspond that the trial by combat that was set for Bolingbroke and Mowbray did not handle place upon the faggots discretion.I understand that at the time this play was written, the King is someone ordained by Heaven to district and so, has the pay off to grant mercy, create laws, charter war, etc I believe, on the other hand, perhaps, in one modality, or another, similar to Locke, that military unit is a gift that should never be ab apply and should always be used for the benefit of the natural while. A state of character has existed and can never be repellight-emitting diode from. In a lawful stage, at this time, that recoverms very unlikely, and so it does, in Richard II, and so, the coterminous turn of correctts.The next is Lockes concept on property. He pre-supposes that valet de chambres right on land came from the position that he bespeaks it to survive and he testament work to have got and accommodate it for himself. Knowing that there was a swarm of land for everyone, he assumes that each can be afforded an equal share and that citizenry are not supposed to take more than shooted. He discussed that the value attributed to land, i.e. gold, flatware or diamonds is nothing compared to the master(prenominal) employment survival.The application of this concept is obvious in consideration of the concomitant that during the time the play was written colonization and acquisition of land, in the name of the King was like a trend. My point in mentioning this though is that incorrect allocation of funds, seizure of property as well as the war to Ireland are all part of the picture that led Richard II to his tragic ending.While the priorities of the male monarch is largely different from that of the prevalent man, the main truth in surrendering ones fate to the king is for reasons of survival. Locke has discussed that a mans title for property is his own labor. The king however, thinks otherwise. I think that a king believes that everything under his kingdom is considered his possession.In the ideal sense, this is true because knowing that the king holds the title to everything means the king has to protect, procreation and make sure that his kingdom is nutrition the good life. In Richard IIs case, it seems different. Wel l, maybe, for that entire period, expanding the land and winning over arrangement is the main aim of the king. The bottom line is that while the king is ill-tempered making sure he owns and rules a larger kingdom, the multitude are in use(p) criticizing what the king should do.Moving on, Lockes news on the political and civil purchase order and the dissolution of giving medication is the main writing of Richard II as well as of this assignment. Locke primarily said that a political relation exists when people decides to resign their individual rights to the government. He however, explicitly points out that there is no place for absolute monarchy in a civil society. This is because having the rights of all depend on one or few people means that judgement is overseen.Knowing that the convention is also the maker and implementer of laws mean that the principle is not subjected to any judge the ruler cannot judge himself, perhaps only by conscience, but seemingly, the ruler becomes above of everything he has set. And so, such may lead to anarchy, uprising and the disintegration of the government.The type of government merely is already a subject of backchat for if Locke doesnt believe in monarchy, then the judicature of Richard II is already considered a true government. Perhaps that was the reason why anarchy, as Locke has discussed, took place later on. in the first place in this paper, Ive mentioned that the kings priorities are different from the common man. It is all important(p) to note that even Locke agrees that the common man will not understand this. The common mans concern is manifestly his/her survival it doesnt matter how, where, when, as long as they have the right to land and live well, then all should be well.I think this is where Richard II failed as a king. He understands the need for war (land), the ways (funds) and even the need for strong governance (resolving conflict and governance) but he did not see things in a bigger picture, he did not use Lockes unreserved interpretation of things. He didnt listen to the needs of the people and focused only on his needs as king.The way the play has progressed revealed how all of Lockes descriptions and/or principles come into perfect merge with the ultimate ending. As I have discussed with his principles on the state of war and of property, it is clear that Richard II has brought his fate upon himself when he acted upon his assumptions. If he hasnt ordered the death of the Duke of Gloucester, atomic number 1 wouldnt have had the opportunity to accuse Mowbray with betrayal (diversion of funds and the Dukes death).If he has elect to let the law decide on the fate of both, he wouldnt have faced the dilemma of banishment. Perhaps it was guilt, for Henrys accusation was true, perhaps, it was because he failed to forbid the course of evens and thought that banishing Henry will be a good-of-a-solution to keep his popularity with the commoners from increasing, or perhaps, it was simply because he was just a weak king.Locke also discussed that the dissolution of the government as a result of tumult does not necessarily mean that the government will cease to exist. It means that switch over is needed and a new governance is required. Perhaps, this is why Richard II chose to tone of voice big bucks without the need for violence and allowed Henry to rule. deal to think of it, if he didnt step down, he wouldnt have had fair to middling power and manpower to protect him anyway, for even his own army was easily swayed with statement that he was dead.It is on that change of governance that Locke finished his discussion. The play however progressed encourage into the tragedy it is known for the shoot of Richard II. I think this part can be associated to Lockes early discussion on mans state of nature. It is quite funny that in spite of the fact that a political and civil society (at least if we are to forego the fact that its a monarchy ) already exists in Richard II, mans state of nature where he believes that he has power over someone weak and/or has the right to subject someone who has offended him will always be part of it.And so, Sir force killed Richard II, thinking it is what Henry desires, which is actually true, but in any case, has caused his banishment. This simply proves that man no matter what state he or she is, will always be man, just as Locke attempted to floor when he discussed his theory.If youll come to think of it, this at long last scenario is not so much different with the onset of the play where Mowbray was accused of murder and was banished. The irony of such similarity may simply mean that unless the government is changed, the serve well will repeat.