Abortion - Americas Answer to Hitler Essay -- abortion argumentative

Abortion - America's Answer to Hitler      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Who should live, and who should die? Who has the right to make these decisions? People have been asking these questions for years but can't seem to decide if abortion should really be considered murder. Is it right to kill a blessing from God when the baby is healthy and so is the mother who carries it? And is it acceptable to abort if imminent death is the only thing in store for the baby after its birth? As difficult as these questions may seem, I believe that we must protect all human lives at any stage of development whether it be puberty or the first trimester. However, if terminal diseases are to cut short the lives of these little ones, and pain and suffering will be all they know of this world, then I believe the parents have the right to abort and stop their child's suffering. With this exception, people should see that all children have the right to life, if they are able to live, because of their potential of becoming a person.    The taking of a human life is not justified when that human is not capable...

Introduction to Psychological Testing

Introduction to Psychological Testing Psy 475 October 22, 2012 Introduction to Psychological Testing The history of personality and intelligence testing, dates to the beginning World War II. In psychology, clinicians use psychological tests as a tool to help aid in identifying important information in regard to the behaviors of an individual or a group. There is a major difference between regular testing and testing used for psychological purposes. There are various tests that can be administered to determine specific abilities or identify the characteristics of an individual.This paper will define the term â€Å"test†, describe the major categories of tests, and identify the major uses and users of these tests. Also this paper will also discuss the comparison and contrast the concepts of reliability and validity and explain how they affect psychological testing. Test According to Hogan, a test is a standardized process used to provide information about specific behaviors or c ognitive process through standardized procedures. Psychological tests are a battery of tests that evaluate and measure functions of emotions and behaviors in human beings.The test batteries are composed of interviews, and assessments that focus on specific areas such as learning, memory, attention, and academic capabilities. Tests can be conducted in various ways such as verbal, visual, oral, and written assessments or evaluation. Information gathered from standardized tests are useful and effective because they categorize specific behaviors with scores and provide results, which are reliable and valid. Psychological testing can be performed by licensed professionals; such as clinical psychologists, counseling, and school psychologist.Major categories of tests, Uses and Users Psychological tests provide a platform for providing information and insight, which helps to gain a better understanding of human behaviors. There different types of tests are used to measure various contexts o f specific areas of behavior. According to Chadha, Psychological tests are grouped into several categories, which include personality, mental ability, attitude, achievement, and neuropsychological tests. These test can be administered to an individual alone or to a group of people.According to Hogan intelligence test focuses on various functions of the individual who measures potential and basic ability, such as memory, cognitive functions, thinking skill, and visualization. Two of the most popular intelligence test are the Stanford-Binet and the Wechsler Intelligence Tests. Achievement and aptitude tests are commonly used in educational or employment settings. Educators and employers use these tests to identify how much an individual knows about a certain topic, such as academic subject or employment position.Educators use achievement tests to identify and compare abilities of students, while employers use these tests to identify talents, interests, and special skills (2008). Accor ding to Hogan, personality tests are commonly used in research and forensic settings to assist with providing a clinical diagnosis by measuring personality styles. Personality test is set up in two, formats. The first consists of yes or no questions and the second questions are true or false.According to Hogan, interests and attitudes are mainly used for high school and college students to identify interests related to job fields. The most common test used to measure and identify vocational interests is the Strong Interest Inventory (SII) or the Kuder Career Search (Hogan, 2007). The last category of testing is the neuropsychological tests. These types of test focus cognitive abilities as related to brain functions such as thinking, reasoning, memory and motor coordination.According to Hogan, uses and users of psychological tests include clinical, educational, personnel, and research settings. Clinical settings such as counseling and psychology use testing to identify the nature or severity of a specific problem or a behavior. The testing results are used to develop treatment plans used to carry out interventions for therapeutic application. According to Hogan, educators use assessment as a tool for assessing levels of student learning and abilities in efforts to help the student improve.Another major user of psychological testing are businesses. Personnel and employment testing according to Hogan, was developed to identify and select the best candidates for employment positions. Employers also use testing to conduct performance and promotion evaluations. The last use of testing involves research. According to Hogan researchers use testing as a viable part of research studies because they are replicable and provide reliable information that useful and valid.Compare and Contrast Reliability and Validity Test reliability and validity are very important concept of testing. These tools used to measure the data that has been collected for the test to determine if t he results are sustainable and effective. According to Hogan reliability is meant to be consistent and dependable. A reliable test provides the same scores continuously for an individual. Test reliability relies on specific criteria to determine the quality and accuracy of psychological measurements (Chadha, 2009).To determine reliability there are five methods that can be used to estimate test scores. These methods identify the proportion of the score, which may include error variances. Although these methods are used to determine reliability and identify errors there various factors, which can affect the results of the reliability of a test. Test validity is an important aspect of test evaluations. The validity of the tests focuses on specific criteria used to ensure that testing concept meets requirements and professional standards of scientific research methods.There are two common methods used to test validity, the first is criterion validity and content validity. According to Chadha, content validity focuses on the selection of items for ability and achievement test; judgments are used to identify the usefulness or application of the test. Criterion validity according to Chadha, focuses on the ability of test score used to observe behaviors or other information gathered from the test. Reliability and validity test the same aspects of a test but in a different manner.Reliability is more focused on the stability of a test score and validity evaluates this information based on specific criteria (Chadha, 2009). Conclusion In conclusion psychological testing is used to provide, identify, and measure characteristics, abilities and the behaviors of an individual or a group. There various types of testing be used in several contexts, which provide valuable information to the test examine. Several fields or professions rely on testing to provide information that can be used for purposes of assessments, treatment, learning, and identifying needs. Reliability and a lidity methods are used to ensure that the information received from testing is effective and properly used for the purpose intended. References Chadha, N. K. (2009). Introduction to psychological testing. In Applied psychometry. (pp. 71-87). New Delhi: SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd. doi: 10. 4135/9788132108221. n5 Hogan, T. P. (2007). Psychological testing: A practical introduction (2nd ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. psychological test. (2008). In The Columbia Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://www. credoreference. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/entry/columency/psychological_test

Emotional Couples Therapy Essay

This is a paper on a video named Emotional Focused Couples Therapy, it is about a couple that is talking to a counseling professional about issues they are having, the biggest one being the husbands anger. Throughout the videos you see how the professional uses the three stages in interviewing to support the couple. She also does a great job on summarizing and paraphrasing what the couple is saying and feeling. The professional uses both open and closed ended questions during the session. There is also a lot of body language happening by everyone involved, some good and some bad. The professional really shows the clients that she is really there for them in her body language and the way she is reflecting their feelings back at them. The couple listens to each other and expands on their feelings with the support of the professional. They also both realize that they want to work things out between them and are willing to keep working at their relationship. Open and Closed Ended Questions In this therapy session the therapist asked many open and closed ended questions to help get the full picture of the client’s relationship. When the therapist was asking these questions she was using verbal and nonverbal cues from the couple, to see how and what she should be asking next. The questions that where asked in this session is: 1. Is it hard to be supportive? 2. Is it had to be close? (Meaning affectionate) 3. Do you withdraw? (From the conversation and the relationship) 4. How do you deal with the message, that you are a are screwed up? (Not ever said he just fees that way.) 5. Are times that you can be close? (Affectionate) 6. Do you think that your wife sees you as a mean and nasty person? 7. Do you feel rejected? 8. Am I getting it? (The therapist states this several times during the session as she is reflecting on their conversation.) 9. Is lonely an ok word to use? (The wife was having a hard time thinking of a word.) 10. Scott do you think that you wife knows how you feel? 11. Do you feel that she does not care in the heat of the moment? 12. Have you ever tried to explain to her how you are feeling? 13. Can you help her understand the feeling of rejection? 14. What is it like to tell her how it makes you feel when you feel rejected? 15. What would be the worst thing that would happen if you told your wife your softer feelings? 16. Would you like to be able to trust your wife and be able to talk about your softer feelings? 17. Would you like him to be able to talk about his softer feelings? 18. Do you let the feelings touch you at all? 19. Do you hear her and find that comforting? (The feelings) 20. What do you think about what he did today? (Opening up during the session.) This professional has a way that when she is reflecting what the clients are saying and expression she is asking them if she is right and they add to the conversation. Above are some of the separate questions that she was asking during the session. There were very few closed ended questions. She would reflect and they would open up even more. The professional summarized and paraphrased what the couple was saying many times during the session to make sure that she understood what they were saying is what she was hearing. The professional was very effective in summarizing and paraphrasing the relationship and the feelings that both parties were talking about and expressing. Verbal and Nonverbal There was verbal and nonverbal communication, actions and skills happening in the session by the couple and the professional. Watching the couple expressional the husband he had his arm and feet crossed and turned away from his wife most of the session. The wife kept going from arms being crossed to out in front of her. She also was turned away from her husband  most of the session. The couple showed in their nonverbal body language that there was a problem and they both where uncomfortable with the situation. When certain question and answers where given the body language changed in the couple. The professional could tell when something was uncomfortable by their body language and she help the couple talk about it more, even though they were not picking up on the nonverbal cues for each other. The professional at the beginning had paper in her lab taking notes, after a while she put it down and leaned forward towards the couple showing them that she was really listening to them and was really involved in what they were saying to her. The professional was able to use verbal and nonverbal skills to help the couple during this session and help them to start to listen to each other. The verbal skills that the professional used where very effectively, she was to be able to summarize their feelings and thought. The nonverbal skills showed the couple that she was supportive and involved in helping them. By sitting up and leaning forward in her chair it was another way for the couple to see she was involved in the conversations. Stages of the Interview There are three stages to an interview, exploration, clarification and action. The exploration stage involves helping the client examine his or her thoughts and feelings. The second stage is exploration helps the clients understand their feeling and their thoughts. The final stage is action, which is where the clients start making the change towards their goals. During this interview, the professional listen to both clients on what they thought was the problem and their feelings. They both agreed that anger was the steam of the troubles that they were having, and them not listening and communicating with each other. When the second stage was introduced the professional was involved more. She helped both parties of the couple to understand and reflect on what they each where saying and helping them truly understand and really listen to each other. The professional also very effectively summarized and paraphrased what they were saying again, so maybe they could hear it said in a different way. By doing this she was able to get even more information from them about more if the true problems they were facing. The third and final stage is action. During this session you see that they are starting to listen to each other  and even open up more. Having the husband talk about his softer feelings and also for him to hear that is wife does not think that he is a monster was a great start to the process. They both also stated that they want to work things out and be together. That statement alone should the professional that they both were committed to the process. Self-disclosure and Reflective Feelings During the interview the professional really worked hard to get the couple to talk about their feelings and express their thoughts. Throughout she was able to get them both to self-disclose and reflect on each other’s feelings. As times this was not an easy thing to so especially for the husband but he did do it. He was not sure about showing his softer side, he thought it made him feel week and like a sissy. The wife disagreed she thought the angry side of him was the sissy side. They both listened to each other’s feeling and acknowledge them and respected them throughout the session, but may not have always agreed with them. This interview was very emotionally charged and at sometimes uncomfortable for the couple. With that said, they both listened and rejected each other. The professional was able to summarize both of their feelings very well, and understand what both of them where saying about the situation. Overall the therapy session was a great starting point by the couple not no were being done with their therapy and situation. Being able to talk about feelings is hard and sometime intimidating, when you are in front of a stranger. The comfort level of the session was ok, they looked uncomfortable, not just because they were there but the chairs and the overall appearance of the room, not very inviting. The structure of the interview flowed very well and the professional was able to keep the conversations moving in the right direction so the session was helpful for the couple. References (2009). Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy [Video file]. Retrieved from Phsycoheapy,bet website: http://ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/login?url=http://vast.alexanderstreet.com/view/1779000.

Free Essays on Intelligence Testing

According to Merriam-Webster’s dictionary, intelligence is described as the ability to apply knowledge to manipulate one's environment or to think abstractly as measured by objective criteria. Many psychologists have their own view on what intelligence really is and the debate over its true definition is very controversial. Most agree, however, that intelligence measures our ability to adapt to challenges. Intelligence varies for every person. It has been proven that intelligence tests can accurately predict performance on the job, dropping out of high school, and even chances of divorcing. These tests are not always completely accurate though. Many times these tests can be culturally biased and provide inaccurate results. Some psychologists believe intelligence is influenced by genetics, others believe it is environment which influences intelligence. I personally believe a combination of environment, genetics, and health determine a person’s in intelligence. Alfred Binet was one of the first psychologists to create an intelligence test. He created this test so the French public school system could properly place their students. Over time, the Binet test has been changed and modified by many other psychologists. Different types of intelligence tests were also created. There are two major types of intelligence tests. Some are designed to test aptitude, while others are designed to predict achievement. The most widely used intelligence test today is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Revised (WAIS-R). This test gives an overall intelligence score, and also assesses verbal and performance scores. These tests, although prominent in intelligence testing, have flaws. A major flaw it posses is its culture bias. Many questions, which are asked seem to be a product of American culture and may not be understood by those from different backgrounds, resulting in wrong answers. Many concerns were first raised by the ... Free Essays on Intelligence Testing Free Essays on Intelligence Testing According to Merriam-Webster’s dictionary, intelligence is described as the ability to apply knowledge to manipulate one's environment or to think abstractly as measured by objective criteria. Many psychologists have their own view on what intelligence really is and the debate over its true definition is very controversial. Most agree, however, that intelligence measures our ability to adapt to challenges. Intelligence varies for every person. It has been proven that intelligence tests can accurately predict performance on the job, dropping out of high school, and even chances of divorcing. These tests are not always completely accurate though. Many times these tests can be culturally biased and provide inaccurate results. Some psychologists believe intelligence is influenced by genetics, others believe it is environment which influences intelligence. I personally believe a combination of environment, genetics, and health determine a person’s in intelligence. Alfred Binet was one of the first psychologists to create an intelligence test. He created this test so the French public school system could properly place their students. Over time, the Binet test has been changed and modified by many other psychologists. Different types of intelligence tests were also created. There are two major types of intelligence tests. Some are designed to test aptitude, while others are designed to predict achievement. The most widely used intelligence test today is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Revised (WAIS-R). This test gives an overall intelligence score, and also assesses verbal and performance scores. These tests, although prominent in intelligence testing, have flaws. A major flaw it posses is its culture bias. Many questions, which are asked seem to be a product of American culture and may not be understood by those from different backgrounds, resulting in wrong answers. Many concerns were first raised by the ...

Life as a sioux indian essays

Life as a sioux indian essays These days as a Native American have become almost obsolete. My people are moving up the trail of tears in search of a better way of life and hopes of peace again. As we move the elderly grow weak and fall more and more. The children are restless and continually asking how much farther. I must keep my composure though and know that it will be all right someday. However, many of my Sioux brothers have lost their lives and now there are not much left to hope for. News spreads through the different tribes that the cavalry officers have been harassing and raping the Sioux women. As we make our way up the trail, bounty hunters and renegades come up out of the woodworks. Not only are our people defending their lives against the army but also our own Indian people who have abandoned our culture and become traitors to the white mans lifestyle. Thus, we must stick together in order to save our civilization. As we pass by some skeletons on the ground, I envision Sioux warriors being scalped and skinned by the white man; as well as a battle on a hilltop where the Sioux warriors prevail. The conditions are growing slightly worse as the winter is going to be a long and harsh one. My family has almost been but completely destroyed due to the white man. The only loved one I have left is my youngest daughter. In hopes of raising a proud warrior like myself, the white man came along and destroyed those dreams by taking my sons lives as well as the rest of my family. As I sit down and comfort my sole survivor, my daughter asks me feebly if we are going to make it. I say, Yes, a Savior, will rescue us. With hopes that she will trust that everything will be all right and the journey is soon over, I doubted what I had told my daughter. We are traveling hundreds of miles to a place weve never been in which the white man set up a reservation. There we are restricted to a remote piec ...

Rules for Latin Syllabification

Rules for Latin Syllabification The syllables in the first line of Vergils Aeneid separated word-internally by /:(1) r/ma vi/rà ºm/que c/no Trà ³/jae qui prà ­/mus ab à ³/ris Knowing the way Latin words are divided into syllables will help you to pronounce Latin and translate Latin poetry. There are a few basic points you need to know. As with most things, there are always exceptions. The number of syllables the number of vowels/diphthongs pronounced separately. For example, Caesar contains 1 vowel and one diphthong, so there are 2 syllables: Cae-sar. There are no silent vowels in Latin. Exercise:Q.How many syllables in the English word alphabet?A.There are 3 in alphabet and they center around the 3 vowels in the word.Q.How many syllables in the English word same?A.There are 2 vowels in same, but 1 is silent, so there is only one syllable.Q.How many syllables in the Latin example (1) above?A.15Check for vowels. The first word r/ma has two vowels and two syllables, the second word vi/rà ºm/que has three vowels and three syllables. Whats that you say? There are 4 vowels? The u after q acts as it does in English, and doesnt count. The third word c/no has two vowels and two syllables. The fourth word Trà ³/jae has three vowels, but only two are pronounced separately, since the ae, being a diphthong (see below), is pronounced together. You can analyze the last three words (qui prà ­/mus ab à ³/ris) on your own. The Latin diphthongs are ae (earlier, ai), au, ei, eu, oe, and ui (rare) [See Wheelock].Examples:TrojaeAurum golddeinde thenEuropaproelium battlecui whoLike English, the Latin syllable divides between consonants or after a vowel and before a consonant. For example, mitto has two vowels and therefore two syllables. Mitto has a double consonant, so the syllable is divided between the ts: mit-to.More examples:Caesar: Cae-sarDeinde: dein-deProelium: proe-li-umThis page is a quick tip about syllables, not stress, but since they are related, and both are necessary for a reasonable pronunciation of Latin, you may be interested. Stress is normally on the penultimate (second to last) syllable if it is long and on the one before (the antepenultimate), otherwise, generally. If you look up amicus in a Latin dictionary, there will be a long mark or macron on the i. That means the i is long and so the syllable is stressed. If there is a diphthong in the penultimate syllable or it is followed by tw o consonants, it is generally counted as long and therefore stressed.Look at the opening example:(1) r/ma vi/rà ºm/que c/no Trà ³/jae qui prà ­/mus ab à ³/risThe ictus is marked with an accent mark. This shows the stress.

Air Quality and Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Air Quality and Health - Essay Example Environmental Protection Agency 2006, 2009). Before the start of clean air laws in advanced nations, the fatal impacts of air pollutants,because of fuel burning were obvious throughout numerous severe air effluence incidents. It turned out to be clear to the civic that huge numbers of people deceased and several were fell sick by way of dust and sulphur dioxide, the ‘Great Smog’ incident in 1952 (Davis 2002, Bell 2001). The incident was occurred because of combustion of coal, petroleum fuels and gas in blend with stagnant climate environments. The awfully high levels of contamination affected huge and noticeable upturns in the number of day-to-day demises and sicknesses due to lung and cardiac ailment, obvious regardless of the absence of refined statistical analyses. These episodes created consciousness that free burning of fossil fuels in and near metropolises was injurious to civic well-being. Ultimately, state, local and, centralized rules and guidelines for instance ‘The Clean Air Act’ initiated in monitoring pollution from burning of fossil fuels (Stevens, ND). Air Quality Air effluence can have a grave consequence on publics’ wellbeing. ... Air pollution as well has undesirable influences on the atmosphere, together with straight impacts of contaminants on flora, andsecondarily, by properties on the acid and nutrient status of soils and waters. The UK Government’s main goal is to make certain that all people must have right to use open air devoid of substantial menace to the well-being, everywhere this is financially and technically feasible. (DEFRA,2007) The AQI (Air Quality Index) is an index used for to assess daily air quality. It gives an idea how fresh or contaminated the air is, and what related health impacts might be an alarm for the concerned. The AQI emphases on health impacts one might experience in a period of time after exposing to contaminated air. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) analyses the AQI for five most important air contaminants regulated by the Clean Air Act: ground-level ozone, particle matter, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. For all of these co ntaminants, EPA has given national air quality standards to safeguard civic wellbeing. Consider the AQI as a gauge that calibrated from 0 to 500. If the AQI value is higher, the greater is the level of air contamination and the greater is the health disquiet. For instance, an AQI value of 50 signifies good air quality with no risk to civic wellbeing, whereas an AQI value over 300 signifies harmful air quality. An AQI value of 100 normally agrees to the national air quality standard for the contaminant that the level set by EPA to protect community wellbeing. AQI values under 100 are normally considered as acceptable and when AQI values are higher than 100, air quality is harmful for some delicate clusters of persons, and then for all people as AQI values get more and higher (EPA, 2003).